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Exposed aggregate concrete is a type of concrete finish that has gained popularity for its durability and visual appeal. In this guide, we will explore what exposed aggregate concrete is, its benefits, applications, and maintenance.

What is Exposed Aggregate Concrete?

Exposed aggregate concrete is a decorative concrete finish where the top layer of cement paste is removed to reveal the underlying aggregates. This technique showcases the natural beauty of materials like stone, gravel, or shells, creating a textured and visually appealing surface. 

Compared to other concrete finishes, exposed aggregate offers a unique combination of durability and aesthetic charm, making it a popular choice for various applications.

Benefits of Exposed Aggregate Concrete

Aesthetic Appeal

One of the main attractions of exposed aggregate concrete is its visual appeal. The variety of design options available allows for customisation to suit different styles and preferences. 

Whether you prefer a subtle, understated look or a bold, eye-catching design, exposed aggregate concrete can be tailored to meet your needs. It is commonly used in decorative applications such as driveways, patios, and walkways, adding an elegant and sophisticated touch to any outdoor space.

Durability and Longevity

Exposed aggregate concrete is renowned for its durability and ability to withstand heavy traffic and harsh weather conditions. Its robust nature makes it an ideal choice for areas that experience frequent use, such as driveways and public walkways. 

Additionally, this type of concrete requires minimal maintenance and offers a long lifespan, providing excellent value for money. The exposed aggregates help to resist wear and tear, ensuring that the surface remains intact and visually appealing for many years.

How is Exposed Aggregate Concrete Made?

Selecting Aggregates

The first step in creating exposed aggregate concrete is selecting the right aggregates. Commonly used aggregates include various types of stone, gravel, pebbles, and shells. These materials are sourced from high-quality quarries to ensure consistency and durability.

The choice of aggregate greatly influences the final appearance and texture of the concrete, making it essential to select materials that complement the desired design and finish.

Mixing and Pouring

Once the aggregates are selected, the next step is to mix them with cement and water to create the concrete. The mix ratios are carefully calculated to achieve the right balance of strength and workability. 

After mixing, the concrete is poured into molds or onto prepared surfaces. During the initial setting phase, the surface is smoothed and levelled to ensure an even base for the aggregate exposure process.

Exposing the Aggregate

There are several methods for exposing the aggregates in the concrete:

Surface Washing: This method involves spraying the surface with water to wash away the top layer of cement paste, revealing the aggregates beneath.

Chemical Retarders: Applied to the surface after pouring, these chemicals slow down the setting process of the top layer, allowing it to be removed later without affecting the aggregates.

Timing is crucial in both methods to achieve uniform exposure. Proper techniques ensure that the aggregates are evenly distributed and consistently exposed, creating a visually appealing and textured finish.

Curing and Sealing

Proper curing is essential for the strength and durability of exposed aggregate concrete. The curing process involves maintaining the right temperature and moisture levels to allow the concrete to harden properly.

Once cured, the surface is sealed to enhance its appearance and protect it from stains and weather damage. Sealing also helps to lock in the aggregates and prevent them from loosening over time.

Applications of Exposed Aggregate Concrete

Residential Applications

Exposed aggregate concrete is a popular choice for residential projects such as driveways, patios, and garden paths. Its decorative appeal and durability make it ideal for enhancing outdoor spaces.

Homeowners benefit from its low maintenance and long-lasting properties, which add value and aesthetic charm to their properties.

Commercial Applications

In commercial settings, exposed aggregate concrete is used in plazas, public spaces, and building entrances. Its robustness and resistance to heavy foot traffic make it suitable for high-traffic areas.

Businesses benefit from its professional appearance and the ability to create custom designs that align with their brand aesthetics.

Maintenance and Care of Exposed Aggregate Concrete

Regular Cleaning

Maintaining the clean and attractive appearance of exposed aggregate concrete involves regular cleaning. Simple techniques such as sweeping and hosing down the surface can keep it free from dirt and debris. For more thorough cleaning, using a mild dish soap and a soft brush is recommended to avoid damaging the aggregates.

Repairs and Restoration

Over time, exposed aggregate concrete may develop cracks or surface damage. Addressing these issues promptly is important to maintain its integrity and appearance. Techniques for repair include filling cracks with compatible sealants and grinding down any uneven surfaces. Restoration processes may involve re-exposing aggregates and reapplying sealant to bring back the original finish.

Environmental Impact and Sustainability

Armstrongs is committed to eco-friendly quarrying practices. We ensure that our aggregate sourcing minimises environmental impact and supports sustainability. Additionally, we incorporate recycled aggregates into our concrete production, reducing waste and conserving natural resources.

Aggregates from Our Quarries at Armstrongs

We provide top-quality aggregate materials for a range of different applications, direct from our own quarries.

Exposed Aggregate Concrete FAQs

What is exposed aggregate concrete?

Exposed aggregate concrete is a decorative finish where the top layer of cement paste is removed to reveal the underlying aggregates, such as stones or pebbles, creating a textured and visually appealing surface.

How is exposed aggregate concrete made?

It is made by mixing cement, water, and aggregates, then pouring the concrete and allowing it to partially set. The top layer is then removed using techniques like surface washing or applying chemical retarders to expose the aggregates.

What are the benefits of exposed aggregate concrete?

The benefits include aesthetic appeal, durability, resistance to heavy traffic and weather conditions, low maintenance requirements, and a long lifespan.

How do you maintain exposed aggregate concrete?

Maintain it by regularly sweeping and hosing down the surface, using mild detergents for deeper cleaning, and promptly addressing any cracks or damage.

Can exposed aggregate concrete be used indoors?

While it is primarily used outdoors, exposed aggregate concrete can be used indoors for areas like entryways or decorative features, offering a unique and durable flooring option.

How long does exposed aggregate concrete last?

With proper maintenance, exposed aggregate concrete can last for several decades, providing a durable and long-lasting surface for various applications.

What types of aggregates are best for exposed aggregate concrete?

Commonly used aggregates include high-quality stones, gravel, pebbles, and shells, which are chosen for their durability and aesthetic appeal. The selection of aggregates greatly influences the final appearance of the concrete.

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At Armstrongs, we take pride in being a trusted supplier of high-quality quarry aggregates that form the foundation of construction and infrastructure projects.

Quarrying is a critical industry that helps provide essential materials like sand, gravel, and stone for building homes, roads, and public infrastructure.

Understanding what is quarrying and how it supports construction is key to appreciating its impact on modern life. In this guide, we’ll explore the quarrying process, the types of materials produced, and our commitment to sustainable environmental practices.

What is Quarrying?

Quarrying refers to the process of extracting natural stone, sand, and quarry aggregates from the earth for use in construction projects.

Unlike mining, which focuses on extracting minerals or metals, quarrying is dedicated to the extraction of non-metallic materials used in construction, such as limestone, sandstone, granite, and gravel.

At Armstrongs, we specialise in this essential activity, providing quality materials for various projects, from concrete production to road building.

What is Aggregate?

Aggregates are essential materials like sand, gravel, and crushed stone, which are produced through the quarrying process. These quarry aggregates are the building blocks of many construction projects.

They are used in making concrete, supporting road foundations, and forming other materials like asphalt. At Armstrongs, our quarry aggregates are known for their durability and consistency, ensuring stability in large-scale infrastructure and smaller residential projects.

What Does the Quarrying Process Involve?

Extraction Methods

The extraction process at a quarry involves methods like drilling, blasting, and cutting to remove large sections of stone and gravel. These techniques are essential for accessing high-quality materials buried deep in the earth.

At Armstrongs, we use advanced extraction technologies that ensure safe, efficient, and environmentally responsible practices while providing the best quarried aggregates for our clients’ needs.

Crushing and Screening

After extraction, the stone undergoes a crucial phase of crushing and screening. Large blocks of stone are crushed into smaller sizes, making them suitable for specific applications like road construction, concrete production, and landscaping.

Screening ensures that the aggregate is properly sorted by size, which is key to meeting the required specifications for any construction project. At Armstrongs, our quarry aggregates are processed with precision, ensuring high-quality results for every project.

Types of Stone Produced

Sandstone

Sandstone is a versatile sedimentary rock widely used for both construction and decorative purposes. Its durability makes it ideal for walls, paving, and facades, while its aesthetic qualities allow it to be used in architectural features.

At Armstrongs, we produce top-quality sandstone from our quarries, supplying prestigious projects like the Sagrada Familia cathedral in Barcelona. The high durability of sandstone ensures its use in both structural and artistic applications.

Granite

Granite, known for its remarkable strength and resistance to weathering, is often used in heavy construction and decorative projects. From building facades to countertops, granite is valued for its durability and unique appearance.

At Armstrongs, we extract pink granite from our renowned Shap Quarry, which is used in both construction and projects like coastal defences due to its toughness and aesthetic appeal.

Gritstone

Gritstone, a tough variant of sandstone, is used for infrastructure projects like roads and railways, where strength and longevity are paramount.

At Armstrongs’ Montcliffe Quarry, we produce high-quality gritstone that meets the specific needs of construction projects, providing robust materials for long-lasting road surfaces and other demanding applications.

Applications of Quarried Stone

Construction

Quarried stone plays a vital role in producing concrete, asphalt, and other essential building materials.

Quarry aggregates like sand, gravel, and crushed stone are used to create strong foundations, pavements, and structural elements that form the backbone of modern construction.

At Armstrongs, we provide high-quality construction aggregates to meet the rigorous demands of infrastructure projects.

Decorative Uses

Beyond its practical applications, quarried stone is often used for decorative features in both residential and commercial properties.

Stone from Armstrongs’ quarries, such as our sandstone and pink granite, is used to craft bespoke architectural elements like fireplaces, nameplates, and statues. These decorative stones add a natural, elegant touch to any design project.

Infrastructure Projects

Quarried stone plays a crucial role in major infrastructure projects such as road construction, railway ballast, and sea defences. Armstrongs’ gritstone and granite are commonly used in these projects, providing the strength and durability needed to withstand harsh environmental conditions.

The use of infrastructure aggregates from our quarries helps create long-lasting solutions for public works and transportation systems.

Quarrying FAQs

What is quarrying?

Quarrying is the extraction of natural stone, sand, gravel, and other aggregates from the earth for use in construction. It typically involves drilling, blasting, and cutting to remove materials from the ground, which are then processed for use in various construction applications.

How are aggregates used in construction?

Aggregates are used to create building materials like concrete, asphalt, and mortar. They form the foundations of roads, bridges, and buildings, providing strength and stability to construction projects.

What materials are extracted from a quarry?

Common materials extracted include sandstone, granite, gritstone, sand, and gravel. These materials are processed into quarry aggregates used in construction, infrastructure, and decorative applications.

What is the difference between quarrying and mining?

While both involve extracting materials from the earth, quarrying focuses on non-metallic materials like stone and gravel used for construction. Mining, on the other hand, is focused on extracting minerals and metals such as coal, gold, and gemstones.

How does Armstrongs ensure environmentally friendly quarrying practices?

At Armstrongs, we prioritise sustainable practices by using efficient extraction methods, recycling water, and rehabilitating quarries after extraction. We aim to minimise our environmental impact while providing high-quality materials to our clients.

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Stone quarrying plays a crucial role in modern construction and everyday life, supplying essential materials like sand, gravel, and stone for building roads, homes, and infrastructure.

In this guide, we will delve into the intricacies of quarrying, including what exactly it is, quarrying processes, and the materials produced.

What is Quarrying?

Quarrying is the extraction of stone or other materials from the earth, primarily to be used for construction. This process involves removing large blocks of stone or other raw materials from the ground, which are then processed and used in various construction projects.

It’s important to note that quarrying is different from mining, although people often confuse the two. Quarrying involves the extraction of non-metallic materials, whereas mining is the extraction of minerals and metals. 

At Armstrongs, we extract materials such as sand, gravel, and various types of stone, collectively known as aggregates, which are essential for construction.

The Quarrying Process

Extraction Methods

Extraction methods in quarrying can vary significantly based on the type of stone being quarried and the intended use of the material. The most common method involves drilling and blasting to break the stone into manageable pieces.

Crushing and Screening

After extraction, the stone undergoes a process called crushing and screening. Crushing reduces large blocks of stone into smaller pieces, which are then sorted by size through screening. This process ensures that the aggregates produced meet specific size and quality requirements for various construction applications. 

Crushing and screening are essential steps in producing materials like sand, gravel, and different sizes of crushed stone, which are used in concrete, asphalt, and other building materials.

Types of Quarry Stone

Sandstone

Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. Its characteristic layers and variety of colours, ranging from tan to yellow and red, make it a popular choice for both construction and decorative purposes. 

Sandstone is highly durable and resistant to weathering, making it ideal for use in building facades, garden walls, and paving stones. At Armstrongs, our quarries produce high-quality sandstone that is used in various prestigious projects, such as the completion of the Sagrada Familia cathedral in Barcelona.

Granite

Granite is an igneous rock known for its hardness and durability. It is composed mainly of quartz, feldspar, and mica, which give it a distinctive appearance. Granite is widely used in construction due to its strength and aesthetic appeal.

Our unique pink granite can be found at our Shap Quarry. This stone is used in both structural and decorative applications, including building facades, monuments, and countertops. 

The high grade material is also high in demand for rock armour to build up the UK’s sea and river defences. Shap quarry recently received visitors from Balfour Beatty and Wyre Council when they came to witness the blast that would produce the stone for their latest coastal defence project as part of the Wyre Beach Management Scheme.

Gritstone

Gritstone is a type of sandstone that is popular for its strength and durability. It is typically used in construction projects requiring robust and long-lasting materials. Gritstone’s rough texture makes it suitable for non-slip surfaces, and it is often used in road construction, paving, and as a base material for buildings.

Armstrongs’ Montcliffe Quarry produces high-quality gritstone, which is processed using traditional methods of crushing and screening to meet specific project needs.

Armstrongs’ Quarries

Brinscall Quarry

Brinscall Quarry covers 40 acres near the town of Chorley and has been operational for over a hundred years. This quarry produces a highly desirable sandstone known for its quality and aesthetic appeal. 

The sandstone from Brinscall is used in various construction and decorative projects, including the ongoing building of the Sagrada Familia cathedral in Barcelona. The quarry operates using traditional methods of extraction, crushing, and screening to produce top-quality aggregate materials.

Montcliffe Quarry

Montcliffe Quarry spans 64 acres near the town of Horwich, Greater Manchester, and has been in operation for over a century. This quarry is known for its high-quality gritstone, a durable and versatile stone used in construction projects. 

The gritstone from Montcliffe is ideal for road building, paving, and as a foundation material due to its strength and resistance to wear. The quarry uses traditional methods of crushing and screening following blasting to produce aggregate materials of exceptional quality.

Pilkington Quarry 1 & 2

Pilkington Quarry, covering 53 acres near Horwich, includes both operational and non-operational sites. Pilkington Quarry 1, now exhausted, is used for inert waste disposal, while Pilkington Quarry 2 remains unmined and contains highly durable pale buff/brown gritstone.

Shap Quarry

Shap Quarry, located on a 53-acre site near the village of Shap, has been operational since 1950. It is renowned for producing Shap pink granite, a highly sought-after decorative building stone.

The quarry also yields light and dark Shap granite, each serving different purposes. Light Shap granite is primarily used as aggregate, while dark Shap granite is used architecturally, as seen in the historic Midland Hotel in Manchester. 

Waddington Fell Quarry

Waddington Fell Quarry, covering 66 acres near Clitheroe, has been operational since the 1960s. This quarry produces a variety of sandstones, known for their strength and range of colours.

The sandstone from Waddington Fell is used in numerous construction projects, including cut products such as fireplaces, lintels, and even complete houses. The quarry employs traditional methods of crushing and screening following blasting to produce high-quality aggregate materials.

Uses of Quarried Stone

Construction

Quarried stone plays a crucial role in various construction projects. It is used to produce essential building materials such as aggregates for concrete and asphalt, bricks, and dimension stones for structural and decorative purposes.

Armstrongs’ stone is renowned for its quality and durability, making it a preferred choice in construction. For example, our sandstone from Brinscall Quarry is used in the Sagrada Familia cathedral in Barcelona, showcasing its high quality and aesthetic appeal.

Decorative Applications

In addition to its structural uses, quarried stone is also widely used in decorative applications. Armstrongs’ stone is crafted into fireplaces, nameplates, and bespoke architectural features. 

Our Shap pink granite and Waddington Fell sandstone are particularly popular for their unique colours and textures, enhancing the beauty of homes and public spaces. Decorative stone from our quarries adds elegance and a natural touch to various projects.

Infrastructure

Quarried stone is essential for infrastructure projects, providing the necessary materials for road construction, railway ballast, and sea and river defences. Armstrongs’ gritstone from Montcliffe Quarry and granite from Shap Quarry are used to build robust road foundations and protect coastal areas from erosion.

These projects demonstrate the importance of durable and high-quality stone in maintaining and developing infrastructure.

Environmental Considerations

At Armstrongs, we are committed to sustainable quarrying practices to minimise our environmental impact. We implement various strategies to reduce our carbon footprint and preserve natural resources.

This includes efficient extraction methods, recycling water used in the quarrying process, and rehabilitating quarry sites after extraction is complete. Our commitment to sustainability ensures that we operate responsibly and contribute to environmental conservation.

FAQs about Stone Quarrying

What is a stone quarry?

A stone quarry is a site where natural stone is extracted from the earth. The stone is typically used for construction and decorative purposes. Quarries can produce a variety of stone materials, including sandstone, granite, and gritstone. These materials are essential for building infrastructure, homes, and various other applications.

How does a quarry work?

A quarry operates through several key steps, starting with the selection of a suitable site with abundant stone reserves. The site is then prepared by clearing vegetation and setting up infrastructure.

Extraction methods such as drilling, blasting, and cutting are used to remove the stone from the ground. The stone is then crushed, screened, and sometimes treated to meet specific requirements before being distributed for use.

What types of stone are quarried?

Various types of stone are quarried, including sandstone, granite and gritstone.

What are the uses of quarried stone?

Quarried stone has a wide range of uses. One of the primary uses is for construction, with quarried stone playing a key part in the production of concrete, asphalt, bricks, and building stones.

Quarried stone also has decorative applications, where it is used for fireplaces, nameplates, and architectural features.

Finally, you can expect to see quarried stone used in road construction, railway ballast, and sea and river defences.

What is the difference between quarrying and mining?

Quarrying and mining are both methods of extracting materials from the earth, but they differ in the types of materials extracted and the processes used.

Quarrying primarily focuses on extracting building materials such as stone, sand, and gravel, whereas mining is used to extract minerals and metals such as gold, coal, and gemstones. The tools and techniques used in quarrying are also typically different from those used in mining.

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At Armstrongs and our subsidiary AMIX Concrete, we understand the important role that concrete mix ratios play in the success of any construction project. Knowing the right mix ratios is essential to achieving the desired strength, durability, and performance of concrete.

In this guide, we will explain everything you need to know about concrete mix ratios, so you can make informed decisions when it comes to mixing concrete for your projects.

What is a Concrete Mix Ratio?

A concrete mix ratio simply refers to the proportions of the components used in creating concrete. These components typically include:

• Cement
• Sand
• Aggregate
• Water

The mix ratio determines the concrete’s strength, workability, and durability. For example, a common mix ratio is 1:2:3, which means one part cement, two parts sand, and three parts aggregate. Understanding these ratios is crucial for producing concrete that meets the specific needs of your project.

Importance of Correct Concrete Mix Ratios

Strength and Durability

The strength of concrete largely depends on the correct proportion of its components. A well-balanced mix means that the concrete can withstand the intended loads and stresses over time. 

Setting Time and Workability

The mix ratio also affects how quickly the concrete sets and how workable it is during placement. Proper ratios ensure that the concrete is easy to work with and has the right setting time, preventing premature hardening or excessive delays.

Consequences of Incorrect Mix Ratios

Incorrect mix ratios can lead to several issues, such as reduced strength, increased risk of cracking, and poor durability. For example, too much water can weaken the concrete, while too little can make it difficult to work with and compact properly.

Types of Concrete Mix Ratios

Standard Mix Ratios

Standard concrete mix ratios are predefined formulas that provide consistent results for general construction purposes. Some of the most common ratios include:

1:2:3 

This mix ratio (one part cement, two parts sand, and three parts aggregate) is widely used for general construction purposes, such as small concrete projects and non-load-bearing structures.

1:3:6

This ratio (one part cement, three parts sand, and six parts aggregate) is often used for foundations and large concrete masses where strength is a primary concern.

These standard ratios are well-suited for a variety of construction tasks and provide reliable results.

Custom Mix Ratios

Custom concrete mix ratios are tailored to meet specific project requirements. These ratios can be adjusted based on the desired properties of the concrete, such as increased strength, quicker setting time, or enhanced durability.

For example, a custom mix ratio might be designed for a high-performance concrete application requiring additional admixtures or specific aggregate types. Custom mix ratios are particularly useful for specialised construction needs, ensuring that the concrete performs optimally for the intended application.

Common Concrete Mix Ratios and Their Uses

Concrete Mix Ratio for Slab

When it comes to slabs and flooring, the ideal concrete mix ratio is typically 1:2:4 (one part cement, two parts sand, and four parts aggregate). This ratio provides a balanced combination of strength and workability, making it suitable for both residential and commercial slab construction.

It ensures a durable and smooth surface capable of withstanding various loads and environmental conditions.

Concrete Mix Ratio for Driveways

For driveways and pathways, the best concrete mix ratio is often 1:2.5:3.5 (one part cement, 2.5 parts sand, and 3.5 parts aggregate). This ratio delivers high strength and durability, essential for areas subjected to frequent vehicle traffic. It creates a robust surface that can endure heavy loads while resisting cracking and wear over time.

Concrete Mix for Foundations

Foundations require concrete mixes that provide exceptional strength and stability. A common mix ratio for foundation work is 1:3:6 (one part cement, three parts sand, and six parts aggregate). This ratio ensures that the foundation has the necessary compressive strength to support the structure above, preventing settling and structural issues.

For more demanding foundation projects, a mix ratio of 1:2:4 can be used to achieve even higher strength and durability, particularly in load-bearing applications.

Adjusting Concrete Mix Ratios for Different Weather Conditions

Weather conditions can significantly impact the performance and setting time of concrete. Adjusting the mix ratios accordingly ensures optimal results in various climates.

Hot Weather

In hot weather climates, concrete tends to set faster due to the increased temperature. To counteract this, it is essential to use a mix with a higher water content or incorporate admixtures like liquid retarders to slow down the setting process. This prevents premature hardening and ensures adequate working time.

Cold Weather

In cold weather climates, concrete sets more slowly, which can lead to potential freezing before it gains sufficient strength. Using a mix with less water and incorporating accelerators can help the concrete set faster and achieve the required strength before freezing temperatures can cause damage.

Adjusting Concrete Mix Ratios for Specific Project Requirements

Different projects may have unique requirements for concrete properties, such as higher strength or quicker setting times.

High Strength

For projects requiring high-strength concrete, such as structural components and heavy load-bearing applications, the mix ratio can be adjusted to include a higher proportion of cement. This increases the overall compressive strength of the concrete, ensuring it can withstand greater loads.

Quick Setting

For projects that require fast turnaround times, such as repairs and emergency construction, quick-setting concrete mixes are essential. These mixes often include specific admixtures like accelerators to reduce the setting time, allowing the concrete to harden rapidly and be put into service sooner.

AMIX Concrete’s Ready-Mixed Solutions

At AMIX Concrete, we offer a wide range of ready-mixed concrete to meet the diverse needs of our clients. Our mixes range from GEN1, suitable for general use, to RC50, which is used for heavy-duty applications such as motorway precast concrete. Each mix is designed to provide optimal performance for specific applications, ensuring durability and reliability.

Quality and Consistency

We pride ourselves on the quality and consistency of our concrete products. By using pure Portland cement and high-quality aggregates sourced from our own quarries, we ensure that every batch of concrete meets the highest standards. 

This commitment to quality means that you can rely on AMIX Concrete for consistent performance in all your construction projects.

Admixtures and Additives

To cater to specific project requirements, AMIX Concrete offers a range of admixtures and additives, including Rapid Setting, Fibre Enhanced, Foamed and Waterproof mixes. 

These admixtures help tailor the concrete mix to meet the specific needs of your project, enhancing its performance and durability.

Concrete Mix Ratios FAQs

What is the best concrete mix ratio?

The best concrete mix ratio depends on the specific application. A common and versatile mix is the 1:2:3 ratio, which consists of one part cement, two parts sand, and three parts aggregate. This mix provides a good balance of strength and workability for general construction purposes. 

For high-strength applications, a 1:1.5:3 ratio is often used to enhance the compressive strength of the concrete.

How much water do you mix with cement?

The amount of water mixed with cement is crucial for achieving the desired concrete consistency and strength. A general guideline is to use a water-cement ratio of 0.45 to 0.60 by weight. This means that for every 100 pounds of cement, you would use 45 to 60 pounds of water.

However, the exact amount can vary based on the specific requirements of the project and the properties of the cement and aggregate used.

Can you use too much cement in a concrete mix?

Using too much cement in a concrete mix can lead to several issues. While it may increase the initial strength, it can also make the mix less workable and more difficult to place and finish. 

Additionally, excessive cement can lead to increased shrinkage and cracking as the concrete cures. It is essential to use the right balance of cement, sand, and aggregate to achieve the desired properties without compromising the performance of the concrete.

What is the difference between cement and concrete?

Cement and concrete are often used interchangeably, but they are distinct materials. Cement is a fine powder made from limestone and other minerals, which acts as a binder when mixed with water.

Concrete, on the other hand, is a composite material made from cement, water, sand, and aggregates. Cement is one of the key components of concrete, but concrete includes additional materials to create a durable and versatile building material.

How do you make a strong concrete mix?

To make a strong concrete mix, it is essential to use the correct proportions of cement, water, sand, and aggregate. A typical high-strength mix ratio is 1:1.5:3 (one part cement, 1.5 parts sand, and three parts aggregate). Using high-quality materials and ensuring proper mixing are also crucial. 

What is the sand to cement ratio for mortar?

The sand to cement ratio for mortar typically ranges from 3:1 to 4:1, depending on the specific application and desired properties. For general-purpose mortar, a 4:1 ratio (four parts sand to one part cement) is commonly used.

For higher-strength mortar, such as for load-bearing walls, a 3:1 ratio may be more appropriate. The correct ratio ensures the mortar has adequate strength, workability, and bonding properties.

How do you ensure consistency in concrete mix?

Ensuring consistency in a concrete mix involves several key practices:

• Accurate Measuring: Use precise measurements for all components (cement, sand, aggregate, and water) to maintain the correct mix ratio.
• Thorough Mixing: Mix the concrete thoroughly to ensure even distribution of all materials.
• Quality Materials: Use high-quality and consistent materials to reduce variability in the mix.
• Regular Testing: Perform regular tests on the concrete mix to check for consistency in properties like strength, workability, and setting time.
• Adhering to Standards: Follow industry standards and guidelines for concrete mixing and quality control.

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Aggregate is granular material, such as sand, gravel and crushed stone that has a range of different uses across various industries. In this guide, we’ll explain all you need to know about aggregates including the different types and their uses.

Construction aggregates play an important role in building and infrastructure projects, offering essential support and strength to various structures. In this guide, we will explore the different types of construction aggregates, their uses, and the benefits they offer.

What is Construction Aggregate?

Construction aggregate is a broad category of coarse- to medium-grained particulate material used in construction. It includes materials such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, and recycled concrete. Aggregates are used in various construction applications, from residential buildings to major infrastructure projects, providing foundational strength and stability.

Types of Construction Aggregate

Natural Aggregates

Natural aggregates are sourced from natural deposits and are commonly used in construction projects. These include:

• Sand: Fine aggregate used in concrete and mortar, providing bulk, strength, and stability.
• Gravel: Coarse aggregate typically used in concrete mixes, road construction, and drainage systems.
• Crushed Stone: Made from crushed natural rock, it is used in construction, road bases, and as a binding material.

Recycled Aggregates

Recycled aggregates are produced from recycled materials such as demolished concrete, asphalt, and other construction debris. Examples include:

• Recycled Concrete: Created by crushing old concrete and used for road base, backfill, and new concrete mixes.
• Recycled Asphalt: Made by reprocessing used asphalt and commonly used in road construction and repair.

Using recycled aggregates offers several benefits, including reducing waste sent to landfills, conserving natural resources, and often providing cost savings. They are an eco-friendly alternative to natural aggregates, contributing to sustainable construction practices.

Manufactured Aggregates

Manufactured aggregates are produced through industrial processes. Examples include:

• Slag: A byproduct of steel production, slag is used in road construction, concrete, and as a soil amendment.
• Expanded Clay: Lightweight aggregate made from heating clay, used in lightweight concrete, insulation, and hydroponics.

Manufactured aggregates are designed to meet specific engineering standards and offer unique properties, such as improved strength and durability.

Natural Aggregate at Armstrongs

Natural aggregates are valued for their strength, versatility, and availability. At Armstrongs, we provide natural aggregates from our 5 quarries across the North West and Cumbria including Shap, Brinscall, Montcliffe, Pilkington 1 & 2 and Waddington Fell. 

The Extraction Process

The first step in the process of creating natural aggregate is identifying the perfect place to blast for the required stone. Once the right place in the quarry has been found, holes are drilled to the depth that is needed, depending on the amount of aggregate required. 

The holes are then filled with explosives, which allow us to release the stone we need for making the aggregate. 

Then it’s time for the blast! Once everyone has evacuated to a safe distance, we give the all clear and an almighty rumble is sent through the quarry as the rock is blasted.

Usually, this produces large pieces of stone that would otherwise be used for projects that require cut stone, such as buildings. However, for aggregate, we collect the large pieces and bash them using an excavator with a pecker tip.

We then put the smaller broken down pieces of stone into the crusher machine, which does exactly what it says on the tin! The stone is crushed down to various sizes which is sorted into categories.

Using an excavator and a truck, the pile of smaller aggregate is then transported to the screener, which will wash and sort the piles.

The Screening And Washing Process

The screener is a large vibrating box which consists of a number of various sized screens and meshes. This will separate the different sized aggregates like a sieve until they are all separated and washed.  

These sieves will separate the different sizes of aggregates and create t piles which will vary in sizes. During this screening process, the aggregate is washed to remove any unwanted materials such as clay, silt and dirt which may be present. We do this so that there is no drying effect or impurities in the future which could lead to cracking.

The various sized aggregates can be used for different functions. At Armstrongs, we produce a range of aggregate sizes from 2mm and 10mm all the way to 75mm and the gabion sized aggregate 150mm.

What is Aggregate Used for in Construction?

Structural Uses

Aggregates help with the structural integrity of concrete and asphalt, two of the most commonly used materials in construction. In concrete production, aggregates act as a filler material that provides bulk, strength, and stability to the mix.

The combination of aggregates with cement and water creates a robust material capable of withstanding significant loads and environmental stresses. Similarly, in asphalt production, aggregates are mixed with bitumen to create a durable and flexible material suitable for road surfaces.

The importance of aggregates extends to foundation construction, where they are used to create a stable base for buildings and infrastructure. Aggregates help distribute the weight of the structure evenly and provide necessary drainage, preventing water accumulation that could undermine the foundation.

Coastal Protection

Another example of aggregates and their uses are gabion baskets, which is a large aggregate inside a metal mesh basket. These gabion baskets create a sturdy structure which is perfect for coastal management.For this, we use a 150mm sized aggregate. Gabions are used in garden purposes and also civil engineering projects as well. 

Train Track Aggregate

Have you ever noticed the stone which is laid between and around the tracks which trains run on? Large and rough aggregate is used to hold down the cross tie pieces of wood between the tracks, so that they do not separate. This also helps to absorb the vibrations from the trains themselves.

Decorative Uses

Beyond their structural and coastal applications, aggregates are also used for decorative purposes in landscaping and construction. Decorative aggregates, such as coloured stones, pebbles, and gravel, are employed to enhance the aesthetic appeal of outdoor spaces. They are commonly used in pathways, garden beds, and as ground cover to create visually pleasing and low-maintenance landscapes.

In decorative concrete, aggregates can be exposed to create unique textures and patterns. This technique, known as exposed aggregate concrete, is popular for driveways, patios, and walkways. It combines the functionality of concrete with the natural beauty of aggregates, offering both aesthetic and functional benefits.

Here’s a table to demonstrate different aggregate sizes and their example uses:

Aggregate Product	Application Example
0-2mm Sand, dry or washed	Mortar and Render
0-4mm Sand, dry or washed	M Grade sand, Concrete production, Block Pavers, Flags
10mm	Suitable for pathways and drives, concrete production. Pipe bedding
20mm	Suitable for pathways and drives, concrete production. Pipe Bedding
10-5mm
20-5mm
40mm	Sub Base and Type B drainage material
75mm	Sub base and Type B drainage material
150mm	Clean 6g Gabion material for civil engineering projects
40mm crusher run	Combination of crushed rock and stone dust creates a low void sub base material
75mm crusher run	Backfill, trench fill sub base
6F2	A recycled material used as bulk fill or cap and lay material. Good for Piling Mats
6F5	A recycled material used as bulk fill or cap and lay material
MOT Type 1	Granular sub base material, good load bearing properties
Rip Rap	Used for shoreline, bridge abutments, pilings
Dimensional Stone	Can be trimmed or cut to any shape or size.
Rock Armour	Sea/River defences, Stabilisation projects

 

Properties of Construction Aggregates

Physical Properties

The physical properties of construction aggregates, such as size, shape, texture, and grading, significantly influence their performance in concrete and asphalt applications.

• Size: Aggregates are classified by size, ranging from fine particles like sand to coarse aggregates like gravel and crushed stone. The size affects the workability and strength of the concrete mix.
• Shape: The shape of aggregates can be angular, rounded, or irregular. Angular aggregates interlock better and provide higher strength, while rounded aggregates improve workability.
• Texture: The surface texture of aggregates impacts the bonding between the aggregate and the cement paste in concrete. Rough-textured aggregates provide better bonding and strength.
• Grading: Proper grading of aggregates ensures a well-distributed particle size, which enhances the density and strength of the mix.

These physical properties are crucial in determining the quality and performance of construction materials. 

Mechanical Properties

The mechanical properties of construction aggregates, including strength, durability, and abrasion resistance, are essential for their performance in different construction applications.

• Strength: Aggregates must have sufficient strength to withstand the loads and stresses imposed on them in concrete and asphalt applications. High-strength aggregates contribute to the overall strength of the structure.
• Durability: Durability refers to the ability of aggregates to resist weathering, chemical attack, and freeze-thaw cycles. Durable aggregates ensure the longevity and stability of the construction material.
• Abrasion Resistance: Aggregates used in surfaces subjected to wear and tear, such as roads and pavements, must have high abrasion resistance to maintain their integrity and appearance over time.

Understanding and selecting aggregates with the appropriate mechanical properties is vital for the success of construction projects.

Sustainable Aggregate Practices at Armstrongs

Sustainability is a core value at Armstrongs. We prioritise recycling and the reuse of materials to minimise environmental impact. Any excess stone from blasts carried out to produce large stone for building projects is turned into aggregates.  

Armstrongs is FORS Accredited 

As part of our ongoing efforts to continually improve our working practice we are delighted to announce that Armstrongs Aggregates LTD is now FORS accredited.

The Fleet Operator Recognition Scheme (FORS) is a voluntary accreditation scheme for fleet operators which aims to raise the level of quality within fleet operations.

Achieving our FORS accreditation demonstrates our long term commitment to our customers, staff and the industry; as an industry pace setter and a leader in fleet transport best practice.

Instilling a mindset of continual improvement, joining an elite group of operators that boast exemplary levels of safety, efficiency and environmental awareness.

Aggregates FAQs 

What is construction aggregate?

Construction aggregate is a broad category of coarse- to medium-grained particulate material used in construction, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, and recycled concrete. These materials are essential components in creating concrete, asphalt, and other construction materials.

What types of aggregate are used in construction?

There are three main types of aggregates used in construction: natural aggregates (such as sand, gravel, and crushed stone), recycled aggregates (such as recycled concrete and asphalt), and manufactured aggregates (such as slag and expanded clay). Each type serves specific purposes based on its properties and the requirements of the construction project.

How are construction aggregates produced?

Construction aggregates are produced through a series of processes, starting with the extraction of raw materials from quarries. These materials are then crushed, screened, and washed to achieve the desired size and quality. Armstrongs employs state-of-the-art machinery and strict quality control measures to ensure that our aggregates meet industry standards.

What is aggregate used for in construction?

Aggregates are used in various construction applications, including as a key component in concrete and asphalt production, as a base material for roads and foundations, and in decorative applications such as landscaping and pathways. They provide essential structural support, durability, and stability to construction projects.

How does Armstrongs ensure the quality of its aggregates?

Armstrongs ensures the quality of its aggregates through rigorous quality control processes at every stage of production. From quarrying and extraction to processing and final inspection, we adhere to strict standards to ensure consistency and performance. Our commitment to quality is reflected in the high satisfaction of our customers.

Where can I buy construction aggregates?

You can purchase construction aggregates directly from Armstrongs. We offer a wide range of high-quality aggregates to meet various project needs. Our knowledgeable team is available to assist you in selecting the right materials and providing technical support. Contact us for more information and to place your order.

How can I choose the right aggregate for my project?

Choosing the right aggregate for your project involves considering factors such as the project’s specific requirements, the properties of the aggregate, environmental conditions, and sustainability. Armstrongs’ team of experts can help you assess these factors and recommend the most suitable aggregates for your needs.

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At Armstrongs, we supply a wide range of aggregate materials to the construction industry for a range of different applications, direct from our own quarries.

Construction aggregates play an important role in building and infrastructure projects, offering essential support and strength to various structures. In this guide, we will explore the different types of construction aggregates, their uses, and the benefits they offer.

What is Construction Aggregate?

Construction aggregate is a broad category of coarse- to medium-grained particulate material used in construction. It includes materials such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, and recycled concrete. Aggregates are used in various construction applications, from residential buildings to major infrastructure projects, providing foundational strength and stability.

Types of Construction Aggregate

Natural Aggregates

Natural aggregates are sourced from natural deposits and are commonly used in construction projects. These include:

• Sand: Fine aggregate used in concrete and mortar, providing bulk, strength, and stability.
• Gravel: Coarse aggregate typically used in concrete mixes, road construction, and drainage systems.
• Crushed Stone: Made from crushed natural rock, it is used in construction, road bases, and as a binding material.

Recycled Aggregates

Recycled aggregates are produced from recycled materials such as demolished concrete, asphalt, and other construction debris. Examples include:

• Recycled Concrete: Created by crushing old concrete and used for road base, backfill, and new concrete mixes.
• Recycled Asphalt: Made by reprocessing used asphalt and commonly used in road construction and repair.

Using recycled aggregates offers several benefits, including reducing waste sent to landfills, conserving natural resources, and often providing cost savings. They are an eco-friendly alternative to natural aggregates, contributing to sustainable construction practices.

Manufactured Aggregates

Manufactured aggregates are produced through industrial processes. Examples include:

• Slag: A byproduct of steel production, slag is used in road construction, concrete, and as a soil amendment.
• Expanded Clay: Lightweight aggregate made from heating clay, used in lightweight concrete, insulation, and hydroponics.

Manufactured aggregates are designed to meet specific engineering standards and offer unique properties, such as improved strength and durability.

Natural Aggregate at Armstrongs

Natural aggregates are valued for their strength, versatility, and availability. At Armstrongs, we provide natural aggregates from our 5 quarries across the North West and Cumbria including Shap, Brinscall, Montcliffe, Pilkington 1 & 2 and Waddington Fell. 

The Extraction Process

The first step in the process of creating natural aggregate is identifying the perfect place to blast for the required stone. Once the right place in the quarry has been found, holes are drilled to the depth that is needed, depending on the amount of aggregate required. 

The holes are then filled with explosives, which allow us to release the stone we need for making the aggregate. 

Then it’s time for the blast! Once everyone has evacuated to a safe distance, we give the all clear and an almighty rumble is sent through the quarry as the rock is blasted.

Usually, this produces large pieces of stone that would otherwise be used for projects that require cut stone, such as buildings. However, for aggregate, we collect the large pieces and bash them using an excavator with a pecker tip.

We then put the smaller broken down pieces of stone into the crusher machine, which does exactly what it says on the tin! The stone is crushed down to various sizes which is sorted into categories.

Using an excavator and a truck, the pile of smaller aggregate is then transported to the screener, which will wash and sort the piles.

The Screening And Washing Process

The screener is a large vibrating box which consists of a number of various sized screens and meshes. This will separate the different sized aggregates like a sieve until they are all separated and washed.  

These sieves will separate the different sizes of aggregates and create t piles which will vary in sizes. During this screening process, the aggregate is washed to remove any unwanted materials such as clay, silt and dirt which may be present. We do this so that there is no drying effect or impurities in the future which could lead to cracking.

The various sized aggregates can be used for different functions. At Armstrongs, we produce a range of aggregate sizes from 2mm and 10mm all the way to 75mm and the gabion sized aggregate 150mm.

What is Aggregate Used for in Construction?

Structural Uses

Aggregates help with the structural integrity of concrete and asphalt, two of the most commonly used materials in construction. In concrete production, aggregates act as a filler material that provides bulk, strength, and stability to the mix.

The combination of aggregates with cement and water creates a robust material capable of withstanding significant loads and environmental stresses. Similarly, in asphalt production, aggregates are mixed with bitumen to create a durable and flexible material suitable for road surfaces.

The importance of aggregates extends to foundation construction, where they are used to create a stable base for buildings and infrastructure. Aggregates help distribute the weight of the structure evenly and provide necessary drainage, preventing water accumulation that could undermine the foundation.

Coastal Protection

Another example of aggregates and their uses are gabion baskets, which is a large aggregate inside a metal mesh basket. These gabion baskets create a sturdy structure which is perfect for coastal management.For this, we use a 150mm sized aggregate. Gabions are used in garden purposes and also civil engineering projects as well. 

Train Track Aggregate

Have you ever noticed the stone which is laid between and around the tracks which trains run on? Large and rough aggregate is used to hold down the cross tie pieces of wood between the tracks, so that they do not separate. This also helps to absorb the vibrations from the trains themselves.

Decorative Uses

Beyond their structural and coastal applications, aggregates are also used for decorative purposes in landscaping and construction. Decorative aggregates, such as coloured stones, pebbles, and gravel, are employed to enhance the aesthetic appeal of outdoor spaces. They are commonly used in pathways, garden beds, and as ground cover to create visually pleasing and low-maintenance landscapes.

In decorative concrete, aggregates can be exposed to create unique textures and patterns. This technique, known as exposed aggregate concrete, is popular for driveways, patios, and walkways. It combines the functionality of concrete with the natural beauty of aggregates, offering both aesthetic and functional benefits.

Here’s a table to demonstrate different aggregate sizes and their example uses:

Aggregate Product	Application example
0-2mm Sand, dry or washed	Mortar and Render
0-4mm Sand, dry or washed	M Grade sand, Concrete production, Block Pavers, Flags
10mm	Suitable for pathways and drives, concrete production. Pipe bedding
20mm	Suitable for pathways and drives, concrete production. Pipe Bedding
10-5mm
20-5mm
40mm	Sub Base and Type B drainage material
75mm	Sub base and Type B drainage material
150mm	Clean 6g Gabion material for civil engineering projects
40mm crusher run	Combination of crushed rock and stone dust creates a low void sub base material
75mm crusher run	Backfill, trench fill sub base
6F2	A recycled material used as bulk fill or cap and lay material. Good for Piling Mats
6F5	A recycled material used as bulk fill or cap and lay material
MOT Type 1	Granular sub base material, good load bearing properties
Rip Rap	Used for shoreline, bridge abutments, pilings
Dimensional Stone	Can be trimmed or cut to any shape or size.
Rock Armour	Sea/River defences, Stabilisation projects

Properties of Construction Aggregates

Physical Properties

The physical properties of construction aggregates, such as size, shape, texture, and grading, significantly influence their performance in concrete and asphalt applications.

• Size: Aggregates are classified by size, ranging from fine particles like sand to coarse aggregates like gravel and crushed stone. The size affects the workability and strength of the concrete mix.
• Shape: The shape of aggregates can be angular, rounded, or irregular. Angular aggregates interlock better and provide higher strength, while rounded aggregates improve workability.
• Texture: The surface texture of aggregates impacts the bonding between the aggregate and the cement paste in concrete. Rough-textured aggregates provide better bonding and strength.
• Grading: Proper grading of aggregates ensures a well-distributed particle size, which enhances the density and strength of the mix.

These physical properties are crucial in determining the quality and performance of construction materials. 

Mechanical Properties

The mechanical properties of construction aggregates, including strength, durability, and abrasion resistance, are essential for their performance in different construction applications.

• Strength: Aggregates must have sufficient strength to withstand the loads and stresses imposed on them in concrete and asphalt applications. High-strength aggregates contribute to the overall strength of the structure.
• Durability: Durability refers to the ability of aggregates to resist weathering, chemical attack, and freeze-thaw cycles. Durable aggregates ensure the longevity and stability of the construction material.
• Abrasion Resistance: Aggregates used in surfaces subjected to wear and tear, such as roads and pavements, must have high abrasion resistance to maintain their integrity and appearance over time.

Understanding and selecting aggregates with the appropriate mechanical properties is vital for the success of construction projects.

Sustainable Aggregate Practices at Armstrongs

Sustainability is a core value at Armstrongs. We prioritise recycling and the reuse of materials to minimise environmental impact. Any excess stone from blasts carried out to produce large stone for building projects is turned into aggregates.  

Armstrongs is FORS Accredited 

As part of our ongoing efforts to continually improve our working practice we are delighted to announce that Armstrongs Aggregates LTD is now FORS accredited.

The Fleet Operator Recognition Scheme (FORS) is a voluntary accreditation scheme for fleet operators which aims to raise the level of quality within fleet operations.

Achieving our FORS accreditation demonstrates our long term commitment to our customers, staff and the industry; as an industry pace setter and a leader in fleet transport best practice.

Instilling a mindset of continual improvement, joining an elite group of operators that boast exemplary levels of safety, efficiency and environmental awareness.

Aggregates FAQs 

What is construction aggregate?

Construction aggregate is a broad category of coarse- to medium-grained particulate material used in construction, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, and recycled concrete. These materials are essential components in creating concrete, asphalt, and other construction materials.

What types of aggregate are used in construction?

There are three main types of aggregates used in construction: natural aggregates (such as sand, gravel, and crushed stone), recycled aggregates (such as recycled concrete and asphalt), and manufactured aggregates (such as slag and expanded clay). Each type serves specific purposes based on its properties and the requirements of the construction project.

How are construction aggregates produced?

Construction aggregates are produced through a series of processes, starting with the extraction of raw materials from quarries. These materials are then crushed, screened, and washed to achieve the desired size and quality. Armstrongs employs state-of-the-art machinery and strict quality control measures to ensure that our aggregates meet industry standards.

What is aggregate used for in construction?

Aggregates are used in various construction applications, including as a key component in concrete and asphalt production, as a base material for roads and foundations, and in decorative applications such as landscaping and pathways. They provide essential structural support, durability, and stability to construction projects.

How does Armstrongs ensure the quality of its aggregates?

Armstrongs ensures the quality of its aggregates through rigorous quality control processes at every stage of production. From quarrying and extraction to processing and final inspection, we adhere to strict standards to ensure consistency and performance. Our commitment to quality is reflected in the high satisfaction of our customers.

Where can I buy construction aggregates?

You can purchase construction aggregates directly from Armstrongs. We offer a wide range of high-quality aggregates to meet various project needs. Our knowledgeable team is available to assist you in selecting the right materials and providing technical support. Contact us for more information and to place your order.

How can I choose the right aggregate for my project?

Choosing the right aggregate for your project involves considering factors such as the project’s specific requirements, the properties of the aggregate, environmental conditions, and sustainability. Armstrongs’ team of experts can help you assess these factors and recommend the most suitable aggregates for your needs.

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Recycled concrete aggregate plays an important role in construction projects. From road construction to foundation work, RCA helps reduce waste, conserve natural resources, and promote environmentally friendly building practices.

At Armstrongs, we provide top-quality aggregate materials for a range of different applications, including RCA.  In this guide, we’ll be explaining exactly what recycled concrete aggregate is, what it’s used for and the benefits it has to offer.

What is Recycled Concrete Aggregate?

Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is a material derived from the crushing and processing of construction and demolition waste, primarily consisting of concrete. This material often includes other aggregate components such as sand, gravel, slag, and crushed stones. RCA is specifically classified as recycled concrete aggregate when the primary material used is concrete.

The production of RCA involves collecting and processing concrete waste from various sources, such as demolished buildings, roads, and bridges. This waste material is then crushed and refined to produce aggregate of a specific size and quality.

The result is a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to traditional quarried aggregates, helping to reduce the burden on landfill sites and preserve natural resources.

At Armstrongs, we take pride in producing high-quality RCA that meets stringent industry standards. Our commitment to quality and sustainability ensures that our recycled concrete aggregate is a reliable choice for your construction needs.

How is Recycled Concrete Aggregate Produced?

Collection and Sorting

The production of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) begins with muck away, the process of removing inert waste from various sites. Muck away can be classified into three categories: inert, hazardous and non-hazardous.

Inert muck away is waste that hasn’t gone through any chemical physical or biological changes and thus is less likely to affect any other matter that it comes into contact with. Inert muck away includes brick, concrete, hardcore soil and subsoil.

Hazardous muck away is defined as a gathering of waste that has properties that make it harmful to human health and the environment.

Non-hazardous materials can include a collection of different waste products that are considered not harmful to the environment and human life.

Once our tipper trucks are full of waste they will be transported to our inert landfill at Pilkington Quarry in Horwich. We separate the waste by classification of inert and Non-Hazardous waste. Inert waste such as soil is returned to the land. However, other materials such as brick and concrete are recycled.

Crushing Process

Once the concrete waste has been sorted and cleaned, it is fed into crushing machines. These machines use impact force to break down large chunks of concrete into smaller, more manageable pieces. The crushing process is typically carried out in stages, using different types of crushers to achieve the desired size and consistency.

Refining and Mixing

After the initial crushing, the material undergoes further refinement to remove any remaining impurities and to achieve a uniform size. The refined concrete is then mixed with other aggregate materials such as sand and gravel to create a product that meets specific engineering requirements.

This mixture enhances the consistency and density of the recycled concrete aggregate, ensuring it performs well in various construction applications.

Properties of Recycled Concrete Aggregate

Recycled concrete aggregate has several notable physical properties. It is available in various sizes, ranging from fine particles to larger chunks, allowing it to be used in a wide range of construction applications. The texture of RCA is generally rough, which can improve the bonding properties when used in concrete mixes.

In terms of durability, RCA is comparable to natural aggregates, making it suitable for load-bearing applications. Its strength characteristics depend on the quality of the original concrete and the thoroughness of the crushing and refining process.

Environmental Properties

One of the significant advantages of using recycled concrete aggregate is its lower energy consumption during production compared to traditional concrete. The recycling process requires less energy and reduces the need for natural resources, such as virgin aggregate and water. 

Additionally, using RCA helps to decrease the environmental impact associated with mining and quarrying natural aggregates. It also reduces the amount of waste that ends up in landfill sites, promoting a more sustainable construction industry.

Advantages of Using Recycled Concrete Aggregate

Cost-Effectiveness

One of the primary advantages of using recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is its cost-effectiveness. RCA is generally less expensive than quarried stone due to the lower costs associated with sourcing and processing.

This can result in significant savings for construction projects. Additionally, companies using RCA may be eligible for tax rebates and incentives for employing sustainable practices, further enhancing the cost savings.

Environmental Benefits

Recycled concrete aggregate offers substantial environmental benefits. By using RCA, the amount of construction waste sent to landfill sites is significantly reduced, which helps in conserving landfill space.

Recycling concrete also reduces the need for mining natural aggregates, thereby preserving natural resources and minimising environmental degradation. This practice promotes a more sustainable construction industry.

Performance Benefits

RCA is known for its durability and suitability for various ground conditions, including wet or soft soils. Its rough texture enhances the bonding properties in concrete mixes, leading to strong and durable construction materials. 

Additionally, RCA has improved water absorption properties compared to traditional concrete, which can be beneficial in specific applications requiring better drainage and seepage control.

Uses of Recycled Concrete Aggregate

Construction Applications

Recycled concrete aggregate is highly versatile and can be used in various construction applications. It is particularly effective for compaction purposes, making it ideal for building foundations.

RCA is also suitable for use in wet or soft ground conditions, providing a stable and durable base for construction projects.

Specific Uses

Beyond general construction applications, RCA is used in several specific scenarios. It serves as an excellent material for pipe bedding, offering stability and protection for underground pipes. RCA is also commonly used for backfilling trenches and landscaping projects.

Additionally, Armstrongs produces specialised recycled aggregates such as 6F2 and 6F5, a durable aggregate formed from crushed concrete or brick hardcore, and green MOT Type 1, a blend of clean quarry stone and quality aggregates.

Armstrongs’ Commitment to Quality and Sustainability

Our Production Process

At Armstrongs, we use state-of-the-art machinery and advanced processes to produce high-quality recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). Our sites are equipped with the latest crushing and screening technology to make sure that the aggregate produced meets the highest standards of consistency and performance.

Each step of our production process, from collection to refining, is carefully managed to maintain the quality of our recycled concrete materials. This commitment to excellence guarantees that our RCA is reliable, durable, and suitable for a wide range of construction applications.

Environmental Responsibility

Armstrongs is dedicated to reducing environmental impact through sustainable practices. One of our key initiatives is the production of recycled aggregate at our Head Office in Horwich. By recycling concrete and other construction materials, we minimise the amount of waste sent to landfill sites and reduce the need for virgin aggregate.

This not only conserves natural resources but also lowers the carbon footprint of our operations. Our commitment to sustainability in construction ensures that our practices contribute to a healthier environment and a more sustainable future.

Learn more about Armstrongs’ Aggregates

For more information on each of Armstrongs’ aggregates, don’t hesitate to contact our friendly team. Call 01204 668021 or send us an email today!

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According to Mind, a leading mental health charity, 1 in 6 workers are currently dealing with mental health problems such as anxiety, depression or stress. That is why at Armstrongs we have decided to act now and provide proactive mental wellbeing support through our TalkStrong Campaign.

TalkStrong

TalkStrong aims to open up the conversation of mental wellbeing, This is in order to: promote wellbeing for all staff, tackle the causes of work-related mental health problems and support staff who are experiencing mental health problems.

TalkStrong aims to support all of our colleagues across Armstrongs Group, from Aggregates to AMIX and from quarry to office. We want our colleagues to know that it’s okay to not be okay, we will always be here to listen.

However, TalkStrong is not just for our colleagues. TalkStrong is for everyone. We actively encourage extended family and our local community to get involved with our TalkStrong initiative. Every Thursday we take part in, and help run alongside Full Circle IT and Super Logo Boy, the #BoltonTweetUp.

#BoltonTweetUp

#BoltonTweetUp is a Twitter chat that takes place every Thursday between 3 and 4 PM. Where local Bolton businesses get together to discuss anything from the community to cooperative projects. The aim of the #BoltonTweetUp is to make local business more accessible for local people, and we are planning to bring our TalkStrong initiative to the twitter chats. Using the tag #TalkStrong and #BoltonTweetUp we aim to create a supportive network for not only our own colleagues but the wider community that we live and work in.

Mental Well-being In The Workplace

Did you know that 44 per cent of employers saw an increase in reported mental health problems in the last twelve months. As a result of this 40 per cent of employers reported an increase in staff sickness levels due to stress in the last twelve months.  By increasing our employee engagement with regards to mental well-being we are hoping to provide positive proactive support to our colleagues. In return we are aiming to harvest an open culture of candour that benefits the well-being of our workforce and community.

So What’s Next?

Join our Twitter chat on Thursdays between 3 and 4 PM here. Use the hashtags #BoltonTweetUp and #TalkStrong to join the conversation and join a supportive network of peers, colleagues and local Bolton businesses in supporting our #TalkStrong initiative.

Over the past months we have proactively improved ways in which you can reach us. You can contact us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and our Website. Including our new live chat feature on the bottom right of our website.

For more information about our TalkStrong campaign you can contact us here.

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Young people are becoming more and more distant from joining the working world. However I do not believe this is their fault; it just isn’t correctly targeting to them. That’s why we have created a campaign all about how Armstrongs can help the younger generation experience employment.

What is Experience Employment?

Experience Employment is a new campaign at Armstrongs Group, in which we hope to introduce young people to new opportunities. We want young people to learn about the working world, and get ahead of the curve. I aim to help young people to the open doors of Armstrongs and how they can widen their views of their futures.

Being a young person myself, I believe I will be able to connect to my audience in an effective way for both me and them. Also, I wish to make an impact on the community as well to spread this message to more and more young people, who may feel a sense of anxiety towards work.

The young people of today are sometimes looked at negatively in recent society and we think this is unfair. We at Armstrongs want to help those young people, show their potential and show what they have to offer to the world. Over the course of the Experience Employment campaign, I hope to be positively engaging with and hopefully introducing young people to new employment opportunities.

As a college student, on work placement for Armstrongs, I have learnt a great deal in my months here. Including a wide range of skills and knowledge, not only about aggregate and cut stone, but the working world too.

This has made me want to help young people discover that there IS a position for everyone in the workplace!

Our goals for Experience Employment

The main goal for Experience Employment is about creating experiences for younger people in the workplace. Armstrongs are always looking for new talent, and we believe young people have that. New ideas and fresh ways of thinking are what we love!

The Experience Employment campaign is going to posted across all our social medias, like Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. So keep your eyes open, as we’ve got more on the way!

Also, if you want to read our previous blog, all about tips for your Bespoke Garden, click HERE.

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For those who have never heard about the Bolton Lads & Girls Club, it is a youth club and is a registered charity based in Bolton. They focus on helping young people get on track, building their own foundations and brightening their futures. Bolton Lads & Girls Club welcomes many different opportunities for young people to be able to improve their career journeys.  Today’s blog is all about A day with Bolton Lads & Girls Club.

We wanted to get involved with the Bolton Lads & Girls Club as we always want to give back to the community and do whatever we can to help. We had visited them previously towards the end of 2018 to see how we could get involved with supporting them. It was suggested that we could support their “Get A Job” initiative. The initiative sees a group of local young people go to local businesses. Here they will see what employment opportunities are available and how you get into those opportunities. On Wednesday 13^th February we had the privilege to welcome the first cohort from BLGC to our Montcliffe Quarry.

A day with Bolton Lads & Girls Club at Montcliffe Quarry

Up at Montcliffe quarry, we met with the BLGC cohort at 10.30am. After a quick health and safety demonstration we set off into the quarry.

Aggregate Production

At first, the young cohort was shy but as soon as we got into the quarry they started to get involved. They saw first hand the full aggregate production process. We had just had a blast that yielded 4 thousand tonnes of stone that very morning. They witnessed an excavator loading up the dumper truck. This then transported the stone to the other side of the quarry. At the other side of the quarry we stood for nearly an hour taking in the surroundings. We watched on as the dumper truck deposited the stone.

Two Hitachi excavators then worked to pick the stone into smaller pieces. One had a picker attachment to act as a drill to separate the stone into smaller sizes. Another used a large metal ball, dropping it from great height onto the stone below, to break into smaller pieces. The excavators would then load them into the crusher.

Once the crusher had crushed the stone into aggregate it was then transported by a wheel loader to be screened. Our young cohort watched on as the screener separated the stone further into piles, sorting them by size. Finally another wheel loader would load our tipper wagons with the crushed aggregate as they arrived, ready to transport them to their next locations, such as our AMIX concrete plant.

Up Close With An Excavator

We stood in silence for a while watching the process before getting up close with a Hitachi Excavator. We took a look at the cab, as well as the size and a variety of attachments for the hydraulic arm.

All of a sudden it was as if we had a different set of young people with us, they had come out of their shells. The young cohort had started asking questions, telling us about their interests and showing a genuine interest in our quarry. At this moment we asked them what their ideal job in the quarry would be. The resounding answer was to be an excavator operator. However this was just because of how fun it looked to drop the metal ball from such heights!

Carly, who is a member of BLGC, said “I learned a lot about the history of the quarry and all the uses for the stone and rocks that are produced”

On the way back we were treated to a drive by from Mayson and we shared the history of the fantastic machine along with a quick history of our other 70 wagons.

Highlighting Career Opportunities

For us, it was important to highlight the jobs that we have on offer. As well as the jobs that make our business operate as smooth as possible. Not only do we have workers in our quarries but also in our head office too. At our quarries we have jobs ranging from drivers to ground workers. At our head office you can find HR, Accounts, Transport, sales and marketing teams.

A Meeting with the Blast Master

Once we had made it back to the start of our tour we were treated to a hands on blast master class from our blast master, Alan.

Alan has been the blast technician at Armstrongs for 4 years but has over 20 years experience in quarrying. On the day of the visit from BLGC, Alan had been on site preparing for our blast at 10am since 4am that morning.

Alan took the time to answer any questions about blasting the cohort had before providing a hands on demonstration. Armed with his wiring and a handy little device, he took the care and time to show how we approach a blast. Alan encouraged each one of our young people to take turns in pressing the spark button and create a mini blast through the wiring.

After this encounter we took the time to ask the young people if they had changed their minds about the type of jobs they wanted. It would come as no surprise that they were all firmly fixed on wanting to become our next blast master!

Charlotte, another member of BLGC, particularly enjoyed it saying “It was a fun and interesting session and I enjoyed firing the detonator and it was much louder than I was expecting it to be”.

Final thoughts

Being firmly active and involved in our communities is something that we are proud of. We are incredibly humbled to be able to support Bolton Lads & Girls Club in their “Get A Job” initiative. After the session we asked Andy Simms from BLGC to provide some information and feedback on the initiative.

“Working with a family run local business to provide young people with an opportunity to see and experience what the business does. How it operates both on the front line and behind the scenes and also the history of the family. The stories from staff that can be told to help inspire the young people we work with is invaluable. For me it’s a more real experience for the young people who are hopefully more able to relate to these business. Id like to thank all at Armstrongs for their time in helping us on our projects with young people here at BLGC”

We’d like to thank BLGC for choosing us as one of their local businesses. They will be joining us again, with their second cohort, in early March. You will see more about that trip on our website in the coming weeks.

For more information about the support we offer to our communities you can contact us here.

You can also keep up to date with Armstrongs across Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.

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